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Art and Art Education Research Guide

This research guide presents resources to support the Art and Art Education program's goals to "broaden students’ horizons, fostering their development as artists, researchers, reflective thinkers, and imaginative educational practitioners."

Introduction

Welcome to the Course Guide for Histories of Art Education (AH-4085)!

Here you will find resources provided by Gottesman Libraries Special and Digital Collections, and beyond, to support your research and learning in Art and Art Education, specifically for the spring course of AH-4085, currently taught by Dr. Ami Kantawala. 

Our staff has included links to collections and materials that are particularly relevant to this course from both Teachers College holdings, as well additional collections that may benefit your research. 

 

Teachers College Special and Digital Collections

Key Institutional Publications

Here are a few publications that offer great insight into the mission and vision of art education at Teachers College, Columbia University, a pioneer in the field.

  • Teachers College Record, journal of research, analysis, and commentary in the field of education -- published continuously since 1900. Includes notes on our faculty, students, alumni, professional activities, and more. See here for free subscription.

Alumni /Faculty Papers*

 What would Teachers College be without its faculty and students? Noted here are a few leading members in the field:

  • Angiola Churchill (1922 -). Artist and Art Educator, New York University. Professor emeritus of New York University and former Chair of the Department of Art and Arts Professions, 1975-2005. Founder/director of the New York University studio art program in Venice, 1974-2006; and co-director of the International Center for Advanced Studies in Art. She has had numerous one-person exhibitions and participated in more than 54 group shows, biennials and art fairs. Angiola took her Ed.D. in Art Education in 1970 and taught in the Program from 1996-2006. She is author of the classic text Art for Preadolescents (New York, McGraw-Hill, [1971]).

  • Victor D'Amico (1905-1987). Director of the Education Department at MoMA. Studied at Teachers College Columbia University between 1920 and 1930. Head of the art department at the Fieldston Schools from 1926 to 1948 and taught at Columbia TC (1934-42), New York University (1965-72) and Southampton College (1969). He was a pioneer in art education and the director of the education department at the Museum of Modern Art for more than 30 years. Among his writings is the classic text Assemblage: A New Dimension in Creative Teaching in Action (New York, MoMA, [1971]) and Art for the Family (New York: MoMA, [1954]).

  • Al Hurwitz (1921-2012). National and International Art Educator, Maryland Institute College of Art, Baltimore. Hurwitz's career in art education spanned 50 years and included teaching at all levels, as well as serving as supervisor of art in the Miami-Dade County (Fla.) school system, the Newton (Mass.) Public Schools, and Chair of Art Education at the Maryland Institute College of Art. During his tenure in Massachusetts, he studied at Teachers College and earned his doctorate in art education from the Pennsylvania State University. Hurwitz was active in international art education and served as president of both the National Art Education Association (NAEA) and International Society for Education through Art (INSEA). Among his co-authored works are the classic texts Children and Their Art (New York: Harcourt, 1970) and Memory and Experience (Cairo, Dar El Maaref, 1993).

  • John F. Lidstone (1930-1994). Dean of Education, Queens College, New York. Founder of the University Council in Art Education. The first dean of the School of Education at Queens College in New York and an authority on design in art education. Lidstone wrote numerous books and articles and was a contributing editor at School Arts Magazine. He provided leadership for the founding of the New York–based University Council on Art Education. Among his written works are the classic texts Design Activities for the Elementary Classroom (Worcester, Mass: Davis, [1964]) and Working Big (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, [1975]).

  • Pearl GreenbergWeaver and Educator, Kean College, New Jersey. A fine arts teacher for almost 30 years at Kean College, a Distinguished Fellow in the National Art Education Association, and the author of many books and technical papers on the crafts disciplines. Distinguished Fellow in the National Art Education Association and early founder of the New York–based University Council for Art Education.

  • Edwin Ziegfeld (1905-1997). Founder of International Society for Education Through Art and the first president of the National Arts Education Association. Ziegfeld taught fine arts at Teachers College of Columbia University for more than 30 years and his publications include Education and Art: A Symposium (Paris: UNESCO, 1953).

* From the TC | AAE Distinguished Alumni page where you can see  leaders in the field, including Agnes Martin and Georgia O'Keeffe

Institutional Repositories

Our institutional repositories are growing rapidly and more accessible, as more materials are digitalized. At Teachers College, our scope covers materials essentially to, by, and about our institution and its members and their contributions to the broad fields of education, psychology, and the applied health sciences. 

  • Teachers College Digital Collection - The digital archive of Teachers College, including unpublished manuscripts and archives from the library's collections, documents from other departments and administrative offices College-wide, and the work of TC students, faculty, and researchers.

Art collections featured:

Federico Castellon Memorial Print Collection

Historical Photographs of Teachers College

McNeely Costume Drawings

Morton Schindel Animation Cels

Passow Collection of Israeli Children's Peace Art

Students of Arthur Wesley Dow Collection

Ukrainian Children's Art Collection

Ziegfeld Collection of International Children's Art

Rothman Lantern Slide Collection

Additional Resources

Specific Titles of Interest from Special Collections

Books from Special Collections Closed Stacks, Curriculum and Research

Good food habits Clark, Ann Nolan. Good Food Habits. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Branch of Education, 1950. Print.

A tour of observation among Indians and Indian schools : in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Kansas Meserve, Charles F. (Charles Francis). A Tour of Observation Among Indians and Indian Schools : in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Kansas. Philadelphia: Office of the Indian Rights Association, 1894. Print.

Scholarships for American Indian youth. Finley, Amanda H. “Scholarships for American Indian Youth.” Washington: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Branch of Education, 1963. Print.

Report of the United States Indian Inspector for the Indian Territory to the Secretary of the Interior. Report of the United States Indian Inspector for the Indian Territory to the Secretary of the Interior. Washington: Govt. Print. Off, 1898. Print.

The Indian teacher's guide to the theory and practice of mental, moral and physical education. Wren, Percival. The Indian Teacher’s Guide to the Theory and Practice of Mental, Moral and Physical Education. N.p. Print.

Indian boarding schools : findings of the Meriam report

McKittrick, Margaret., and Lewis Meriam. Indian Boarding Schools : Findings of the Meriam Report. New York: [Eastern association on Indian affairs], 1928. Print.

A primary teacher's guide on Negro Americans. : Based on We sing America [by] Marion Cuthbert Wagner, Mabel Garrett. A Primary Teacher’s Guide on Negro Americans. : Based on We Sing America [by] Marion Cuthbert. New York: Friendship Press, 1940. Print.

A comparative study of higher education in the United States of America and the Union of South Africa. Coetzee, J. Chr. (Johannes Christiaan). A Comparative Study of Higher Education in the United States of America and the Union of South Africa. Potchefstroom: [Published by the Council of Potchefstroom University for C. H. E.], 1959. Print.

Trial of Prudence Crandall for crime of educating negroes in Connecticut McCarron, Anna T., and Prudence Crandall. Trial of Prudence Crandall for Crime of Educating Negroes in Connecticut ; Political Fight in Which Legislature Passed Infamous Black Law Upon Which a Connecticut Woman Was Imprisoned for Keeping a Boarding School for Colored Girls. Famous Trials with Prosecution and Defense Records Transcribed. Place of publication not identified: [publisher not identified], 1908. Print.

The black man's schools ; some impressions of American education, with special reference to the Negro in the United States, and to desirable improvements in the education of the South African Bantu Welsh, G. H. The Black Man’s Schools ; Some Impressions of American Education, with Special Reference to the Negro in the United States, and to Desirable Improvements in the Education of the South African Bantu. Pretoria, S.A: The Carnegie Visitors’ Grants Committee, 1936. Print.

A brief historical sketch of the early days of Piney Wood School.

Webster, John R. A Brief Historical Sketch of the Early Days of Piney Wood School. Piney Woods, Miss: [Piney Wood Country Life School]. Print.

College for colored youth

Williams, Peter. College for Colored Youth an Account of the New-Haven Meeting and Resolutions, with Recommendations of the College, and Strictures Upon the Doings of New-Haven. New York: Published by the Committee, 1831. Print.

A comparative study of higher education in the United States of America and the Union of South Africa. Coetzee, J. Chr. (Johannes Christiaan). A Comparative Study of Higher Education in the United States of America and the Union of South Africa. Potchefstroom: [Published by the Council of Potchefstroom University for C. H. E.], 1959. Print.

Thus be their destiny ; the personality development of Negro youth in three communities

Atwood, Jesse Howell. Thus Be Their Destiny ; the Personality Development of Negro Youth in Three Communities. Washington, D. C: American council on education, 1941. Print.

20 Jahre englische Erziehungs- und Schulpolitik in Deutsch-Ostafrika : eine kritische Studie zur Kolonialpädagogik Englands

Becker, Herbert Theodor. 20 Jahre englische Erziehungs- und Schulpolitik in Deutsch-Ostafrika : eine kritische Studie zur Kolonialpädagogik Englands. Hamburg: Friederichsen, De Gruyter, 1941. Print.

Handbook on education and social work in South Africa

 Malherbe, E. G. (Ernst Gideon). Handbook on Education and Social Work in South Africa. Pretoria: The New Education Fellowship South Africa, 1934. Print.

Memorandum on the education of African communities.

 Memorandum on the Education of African Communities. London: H. M. Stationery off, 1935. Print.

Higher education in East Africa. : Report of the Commission appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. September, 1937.

 De La Warr, Herbrand Edward Dundonald Brassey Sackville, and John Murray. Higher Education in East Africa. : Report of the Commission Appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. September, 1937. London: H. M. Stationery Off, 1937. Print.

European education in East Africa.

European Education in East Africa. London: East African Office, 1958. Print.

English traditions in East African education. : An inaugural lecture delivered at Makerere College, the University College of East Africa.

Lucas, Eric. English Traditions in East African Education. : An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at Makerere College, the University College of East Africa. London: Oxford University Press, 1959. Print.

Primary school syllabus for African schools in the Bechuanaland Protectorate.

  Primary School Syllabus for African Schools in the Bechuanaland Protectorate. Mafeking: [publisher not identified], 1940. Print.

Instructions and suggestions to teachers of elementary schools.

 Instructions and Suggestions to Teachers of Elementary Schools. Morija: Morija Print. Office, 1910. Print.

The story of education in Egypt.

 The story of education in Egypt. Place of publication not identified: [publisher not identified], 1955. Print.

Syllabus for girls' higher elementary schools 

 Syllabus for Girls’ Higher Elementary Schools : Based Upon the Scheme of Work Promulgated by Ministerial Order No. 1934, Dated June 20, 1916. Cairo: Govt. Press, 1918. Print.

Comparative studies in educational systems.

 Comparative studies in educational systems. Cairo: [publisher not identified], 1962. Print.

 Annual report. Palestine Dept. of Education 

 Annual Report. N.p. Print.

 Pionerskiĭ chtets deklamator.

Pionerskiĭ chtets deklamator. Place of publication not identified: Molodailvia  gvardia 1925. Print.

Opera Di Bartolomeo Scappi Mastro Dell'Arte Del Cvcinare

Scappi, Bartolomeo., Reale. Fusoritto, and Vincenzo. Cervio. Opera Di Bartolomeo Scappi Mastro Dell’Arte Del Cvcinare : con laquale si puo ammaestrare qual si voglia Cuoco, Scalco, Trinciante, o Mastro di Casa. Divisa In Sei Libri. Con le Figure che fanno dibisogno nella Cucina. Aggiontovi nuovamente il Trinciante [di M. Vincenzo Cervio], & il Mastro di Casa [Del Sig. Cesare Pandini ... ]. Venetia: De’Vecchi, 1622. Print.

The New Metropolis.

  Zeisloft, E. I. The New Metropolis. Place of publication not identified: Appleton, 1899. Print.

A briefe discourse of a disease called the Suffocation of the Mother By Jorden, Edward, (London, John Windet, 1603.)

 Safety Manual for School Lunchroom Safety Manual for School Lunchrooms. Detroit: Board of Education, 1949. Print.

Gourmet International's recommended restaurants of Puerto Rico 
Picot, Leonce., and Al. Kocab. Gourmet International’s Recommended Restaurants of Puerto Rico. Fort Lauderdale, Fl: Research Unlimited, Inc., 1961. Print.

Primary Source and Manuscripts Material

Ukrainian Exhibition Art The Ukrainian Children1s Art Collection consists of 26 original works by Ukrainian students, and was first exhibited in New York in the late 1930's. The works were created by art students aged 8-13, and were typical in their socialist content as well as form. They illustrate principles of both art education and civic training, and provide a unique view into Soviet education of the 1930's.

Ukrainian Education Photograph Collection n 1999, these works were shown at Teachers College, as part of the exhibit "Soviet Ukrainian Education for Citizenship: Children's Art and Life in the 1930's." They were shown together with the Ukrainian Children's Art Collection, which consists of 26 original works by Ukrainian students in the mid-1930s.

Passow Collection of Israeli Children’s Peace Art The Passow Collection of Israeli Children's Peace Art was donated by by Professor Harry A. Passow, Jacob H. Schiff Professor Emeritus of Teachers College, Columbia University and leader in the fields of urban education and gifted education.

Passow, A. Harry, 1967.

Cotton Mather Sermon 1719 (Manuscript) 

Megillat Esther (The Scroll of Esther) 

Pauline Schwartz Student Notebooks: Notebooks of an immigrant attending night school classes in New York City

Chinese Wood Block 

Paul Monroe Papers and Diary ‑Monroe, Paul, 1869-1947. Record Group 28

Paul Monroe was a Professor of Education at Teachers College, Columbia University from 1902 until his retirement in 1938. He also served as director of the School of Education (1915–23) and of the International Institute after 1923.

The Hazel Hertzberg Papers -Hertzberg, Hazel W. Record Group 28

President John H. Fischer Papers- John H. Fischer Collection (1962-1974)

Office of Student Affairs Records: Crisis of 1968, Record Group 28

Office of Student Affairs Records: Minority Affairs Committee 1968-1977, Record Group 28

Associate Dean’s Files: Student Caucus/Student Senate (1968-1973) Record Group 6

Vertical Library Files—Communist Party;  University of the Street: Communist Party; Teachers for East Africa

More Resources

Students should not limit themselves to primary sources generated or held by Teachers College, but will benefit by accessing the vast network of available resources: 

  • Academic Commons - Columbia University's online repository, where current faculty, students, and staff can deposit the results of their scholarly work and research. Select Archival Catalogs  The following sources will help you explore the holdings outside of Teachers College and Columbia University.
  • Accessible Archives - Searchable collection of U.S. history resources, including the Pennsylvania Gazette, the Civil War coverage of three newspapers, Godey's Lady's Book, a group of African-American and abolitionist newspapers, and selections from several 19th century Delaware Valley newspapers.
  • ArchiveGrid - Archival finding aids and citations for thousands of libraries, museums, and archives. An open source drawn from records in Worldcat.
  • National Archives - Produced by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), an independent agency of the United States government, which is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential proclamations and executive orders, federal regulations, and a wealth of other historical documents and records. Sample NYC Art Archives  Consider visiting these nearby collections as you start your project!
  • American Folk Museum Archive and Library contains more than 10,000 volumes, including monographs and exhibition and auction catalogs, as well as substantial runs of nearly two hundred periodicals. It is a singular repository of scholarship in the field, unique in that its holdings include resources on both traditional folk art and art by the self-taught from the twentieth century to the present together under one roof, as well as audio, video, photographs, ephemera, clippings, manuscripts, and correspondence, as well as expansive artist and subject files.
  • Avery Drawings & Archives Collection, Columbia University, consists primarily of drawings and architectural records by American architects of the 19th and 20th centuries. We hold a diverse range of original and reprographic drawings, photographic materials, project and building files, business papers, correspondence, diaries, scrapbooks, and faculty and personal papers. Within the collection, there are also a limited number of non-architectural drawings by architects, for example, figure studies done by architects while in school.
  • Columbia University's Archival Collections Portal
  • Fales Library & Special Collections 
  • The Frick Collection provides a Directory for the History of Collecting in America, a resource created to help researchers locate primary source material about American art collectors, dealers, agents and advisors, and the repositories that hold these records. .
  • Interference Archives contains many kinds of objects that are created as part of social movements by the participants themselves: posters, flyers, publications, zines, books, T-shirts and buttons, moving images, audio recordings, subject files, and other materials.
  • The Met Archives, within the Watson Library, has records and official correspondence of the Museum. The archives are accessible to qualified scholarly researchers at the graduate level and beyond. An e-mail and resume must be submitted and reviewed at the discretion of the staff. Appointment then required.
  • MoMa (Museum of Modern Art) lists administrative papers and records; records of outside organizations and individuals; unprocessed records; restricted records; and collections promised. Finding aids are accessible. An appointment is required. 

Research Topics

Example Research Questions

1. First Nations/Indigenous Peoples

Discussion Prompt

Examine Hazel Hertzberg's intellectual relationship to the advancement of "Pan-Indianism" as framed, and in reaction to, reports and narratives published by educational and governmental institutions, as well as the, historically, popularized representation of First Nations People in teaching resources. 

Good food habits Clark, Ann Nolan. Good Food Habits. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Branch of Education, 1950. Print.

A tour of observation among Indians and Indian schools : in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Kansas Meserve, Charles F. (Charles Francis). A Tour of Observation Among Indians and Indian Schools : in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Kansas. Philadelphia: Office of the Indian Rights Association, 1894. Print.

Scholarships for American Indian youth. Finley, Amanda H. “Scholarships for American Indian Youth.” Washington: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Branch of Education, 1963. Print.

Report of the United States Indian Inspector for the Indian Territory to the Secretary of the Interior. Report of the United States Indian Inspector for the Indian Territory to the Secretary of the Interior. Washington: Govt. Print. Off, 1898. Print.

The Indian teacher's guide to the theory and practice of mental, moral and physical education. Wren, Percival. The Indian Teacher’s Guide to the Theory and Practice of Mental, Moral and Physical Education. N.p. Print.

Indian boarding schools : findings of the Meriam report

McKittrick, Margaret., and Lewis Meriam. Indian Boarding Schools : Findings of the Meriam Report. New York: [Eastern association on Indian affairs], 1928. Print.

2. Regarding African-American Education in pre-war United States

Discussion Prompt:  Reflect on the state of education of African-Americans in the United States in relation to the concept and praxis of the progressive education movement as influenced by John Dewey and Teachers College, specifically within the framework of the Lincoln School. (Here is a brief overview of the Lincoln School)

A primary teacher's guide on Negro Americans. : Based on We sing America [by] Marion Cuthbert Wagner, Mabel Garrett. A Primary Teacher’s Guide on Negro Americans. : Based on We Sing America [by] Marion Cuthbert. New York: Friendship Press, 1940. Print.

A comparative study of higher education in the United States of America and the Union of South Africa. Coetzee, J. Chr. (Johannes Christiaan). A Comparative Study of Higher Education in the United States of America and the Union of South Africa. Potchefstroom: [Published by the Council of Potchefstroom University for C. H. E.], 1959. Print.

Trial of Prudence Crandall for crime of educating negroes in Connecticut McCarron, Anna T., and Prudence Crandall. Trial of Prudence Crandall for Crime of Educating Negroes in Connecticut ; Political Fight in Which Legislature Passed Infamous Black Law Upon Which a Connecticut Woman Was Imprisoned for Keeping a Boarding School for Colored Girls. Famous Trials with Prosecution and Defense Records Transcribed. Place of publication not identified: [publisher not identified], 1908. Print.

The black man's schools ; some impressions of American education, with special reference to the Negro in the United States, and to desirable improvements in the education of the South African Bantu Welsh, G. H. The Black Man’s Schools ; Some Impressions of American Education, with Special Reference to the Negro in the United States, and to Desirable Improvements in the Education of the South African Bantu. Pretoria, S.A: The Carnegie Visitors’ Grants Committee, 1936. Print.

A brief historical sketch of the early days of Piney Wood School.

Webster, John R. A Brief Historical Sketch of the Early Days of Piney Wood School. Piney Woods, Miss: [Piney Wood Country Life School]. Print.

College for colored youth

Williams, Peter. College for Colored Youth an Account of the New-Haven Meeting and Resolutions, with Recommendations of the College, and Strictures Upon the Doings of New-Haven. New York: Published by the Committee, 1831. Print.

3. Colonial Education in Africa

Discussion Prompt: Using documents produced by colonizing nations in Africa, discuss the power-dynamics associated with pedagogy and marginalization of traditional cultural heritage. 
To take the discussion a step further, how might the Teachers for East Africa and Teacher Education in East Africa intiative either belay this marginalization and hegemony, or reinforce it. 

20 Jahre englische Erziehungs- und Schulpolitik in Deutsch-Ostafrika : eine kritische Studie zur Kolonialpädagogik Englands

Becker, Herbert Theodor. 20 Jahre englische Erziehungs- und Schulpolitik in Deutsch-Ostafrika : eine kritische Studie zur Kolonialpädagogik Englands. Hamburg: Friederichsen, De Gruyter, 1941. Print.

Handbook on education and social work in South Africa

 Malherbe, E. G. (Ernst Gideon). Handbook on Education and Social Work in South Africa. Pretoria: The New Education Fellowship South Africa, 1934. Print.

Memorandum on the education of African communities.

 Memorandum on the Education of African Communities. London: H. M. Stationery off, 1935. Print.

Higher education in East Africa. : Report of the Commission appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. September, 1937.

 De La Warr, Herbrand Edward Dundonald Brassey Sackville, and John Murray. Higher Education in East Africa. : Report of the Commission Appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. September, 1937. London: H. M. Stationery Off, 1937. Print.

European education in East Africa.

European Education in East Africa. London: East African Office, 1958. Print.

English traditions in East African education. : An inaugural lecture delivered at Makerere College, the University College of East Africa.

Lucas, Eric. English Traditions in East African Education. : An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at Makerere College, the University College of East Africa. London: Oxford University Press, 1959. Print.

Primary school syllabus for African schools in the Bechuanaland Protectorate.

Primary School Syllabus for African Schools in the Bechuanaland Protectorate. Mafeking: [publisher not identified], 1940. Print.

Instructions and suggestions to teachers of elementary schools.

 Instructions and Suggestions to Teachers of Elementary Schools. Morija: Morija Print. Office, 1910. Print.

4. Education in traditionally Arabic countries

Discussion Prompt: Examining the Syllabus for Girls' Higher Elementary Schools, discuss the nature of the education offered to women within the greater context of the Egyptian educational landscape. To take this a step further, how can we contextualize the implementation of higher education for women in Egypt, 1916 as progressive then, but marginalizing by todays standards? What are the long-term affects of this marginalization? 

The story of education in Egypt.

 The story of education in Egypt. Place of publication not identified: [publisher not identified], 1955. Print.

Syllabus for girls' higher elementary schools 

 Syllabus for Girls’ Higher Elementary Schools : Based Upon the Scheme of Work Promulgated by Ministerial Order No. 1934, Dated June 20, 1916. Cairo: Govt. Press, 1918. Print.

Comparative studies in educational systems.

Comparative studies in educational systems. Cairo: [publisher not identified], 1962. Print.

5. Who tells the story? The Passow Colletion of Israeli Childen's Peace Art

Discussion Prompt:  Taking a broad overview of the Passow Collection of Israeli Children’s Peace Art what can be observed, contextualized, and inferred from the collection? 

To advance the discussion, if we examine the following report from the Palestine Department of Education, can we further infer hypothesis and conclusions that may be useful to the conversation of the relationship between Israel and Palestine? 

 Annual report. Palestine Dept. of Education 

 Annual Report. N.p. Print.

6. Ukranian Art and the Soviet Union

Discussion Prompt:

Select two pieces from the Ukrainian Children's Art Collection and place them in historical context, using an historical photograph from the Ukrainian Education Photograph Collection.

  • Describe the pieces and what they reveal about Ukrainian history and Soviet Education.

Going one step further, research the Young Pioneer's Pamphlet Pionerskiĭ chtets deklamator and discuss the roles of nationalism in regards to the collection. 

7. History: reading between the lines

Discussion Prompt: The New Metropolis, is a prestige publication that illustrates a historical perspective. Discuss the properties of the book as an object, as well as the nature of the historical perspective it offers. 

Taking it a step further, examine Pauline Schwartz Student Notebooks: Notebooks of an immigrant attending night school classes in New York City. How does an individuals history compare to the popularized history? Compare the objects and discuss

8. Recipe and Food, unlikey sources. 

Discussion Prompt: Looking at Opera Di Bartolomeo Scappi Mastro Dell'Arte Del Cvcinare, along with Safety Manual for School Lunchroom, and Gourmet International's recommended restaurants of Puerto Rico discuss your observations, and how the content provided by this material might be of value in primary source research. 

9. Paul Monroe diaries and Chinese Exhibition

Discussion Prompt: Using the Paul Monroe Diary from the time period, can additional  context be added to the exhibition that are also in his collection? 

10. Students creating alternate power structures

Discussion Prompt: Examine documents created during and recently after the May 1968 strike and report on your findings, specifically looking for the interaction between administration, staff, faculty, and students. Highlight any interesting student publications. 

11. Worker Representation and Politics in Teachers College 

Discussion Prompt: Describe the publications from the Vertical Files (Communist Party;  University of the Street: Communist Party), what do they reveal about the politics of the time on campus and the relationship of students to workers? of administration to workers? 

12. Marginalization of Women in Medical Treatment and Practice

Discussion Prompt: Using Suffocation of the Mother (1603), the first English book addressing women's "hysteria", discuss how the medical field has marginalized the treatment of women. 
Going a step further, reflect on how Opera Di Bartolomeo Scappi Mastro Dell'Arte Del Cvcinare (scullery book) and The Suffocation...might be companion pieces.